借鉴大阪葡萄栽培经验 促进南京葡萄优质高产

介绍了日本大阪栽培葡萄采用棚架上盖薄膜、疏果、掐穗尖、叶面喷肥、喷赤霉素等方法取得了稳产优质的效果和通过农协切磋技艺及推销产品的经验。分析了南京葡萄栽培和采收中的问题。提出了控制产量、保证优质、修剪果穗,推迟采收、叶面喷肥、秋施基肥、推行棚架、加强冬管等一系列改进措施。     

The use of cultured hepatocytes from goats and cattle to investigate xenobiotic oxidative metabolism

The oxidative metabolism of aldicarb (ALD), a carbamate pesticide, and fenbendazole (FBZ), an anthelmintic, was studied using cultured hepatocytes obtained from 4 goats and a bullock and incubated with ALD (50 mol/L) and FBZ (10 mol/L). The parent compounds and the metabolites were measured by HPLC. Both compounds are metabolized at the sulphur atom via two sequential oxidations, first to the sulphoxide (aldicarb sulphoxide and oxfendazole, respectively) and then to the sulphone. Oxfendazole and fenbendazole sulphone from FBZ, and aldicarb sulphoxide from ALD were found in both species. Aldicarb sulphone was not produced by the hepatocyte preparations from the bullock. The good correlation obtained comparing the in vitro results of FBZ metabolism with published in vivo dat obtained on FBZ kinetics in the same species confirmed the usefulness of in vitro models for predictive analysis of in vivo xenobiotic biotransformations.Abbreviations ALD aldicarb - ALDSON aldicarb sulphone - ALDSOX aldicarb sulphoxide - BSA bovine serum albumin - ID internal diameter - EGTA ethylene glycol bis(-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid - FBZ fenbendazole - FBZSON fenbendazole sulphone - HBSS Hanks' balanced saline solution - HPLC high-pressure liquid chromatography - LDH lactate dehydrogenase - MFO mixed function oxidase - NCS newborn calf serum - OXF oxfendazole - WME Williams' Medium E     

应用花药培养技术培育苹果新类型

通过对苹果不同品种花培植株的试管苗及其高接树的染色体数目观察,看到大部分为单倍体,还有其他倍性的植株.幼龄期元帅花培植株的植物学性状与原品种元帅之间有显著差异,表现分枝多、有针刺、叶片小而薄、茸毛少、有缺刻等野生性状.在花培植株之间,也表现有明显的差别.田间高接后,花培植株随树龄增长逐渐向栽培性状转化,元帅花培植株元80—3已开始结果,表现出明显的短枝型特征.     

Virus eradication from some Pelargonium zonale cultivars by meristem-tip culture

On the older leaves ofPelargonium zonale chlorotic rings and flecks are common, especially during spring and fall. From such plants an isometric virus can be isolated that causes local lesions on the leaves ofChenopodium quinoa. An attempt was made to produce symptomless plants, reacting negatively onC. quinoa. Meristem tips on a basal medium supplemented with α-naphthalene acetic acid and coconut milk produced abundant callus, but no plantlets. However, on media containing low concentrations of indole acetic acid and kinetin or benzyl adenine, some plants were produced that fulfilled the above requirements. Those selected on horticultural properties, are considered as valuable mother plants. Of twenty-one cultivars such plants were obtained. They may prove an important contribution to the improvement of theP. zonale industry in the Netherlands.     

温室番茄无土多层栽培技术开发研究

本研究的目的在于验证由山东农业大学园艺系研制的“鲁SC-1型”无土栽培装置及其配套栽培技术在大面积温室番茄无土多层栽培的有效性与可行性。番茄亩产量达12616.2公斤,亩产值超出土壤栽培184.98%,虽然生产成本比土壤栽培明显增大达138.34%。但由于增产基数超出土壤栽培较大,所以,亩净产值和盈利值分别比土壤栽培提高156.82%和227.73%。成本占用盈利率以及劳动盈利率等也均有明显超出。     

影响紫花苜蓿花药培养因素的探讨与分析

从外植体的选取时期及处理、培养基及激素组合、培养条件等多方面分析,影响紫花苜蓿花药培养的因素,并对花粉植株倍性鉴定、驯化移栽和花粉植株的遗传稳定性进行了初步探讨。     

资源植物藏茵陈的研究进展

本文对藏茵陈资源以及藏茵陈在分子生物学、指纹图谱、胚胎学、组织培养等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

猕猴桃实生苗组织培养体系建立的研究

以饱满成熟的猕猴桃种子为起始材料,用 2. 5g·L-1赤霉素处理 5小时,再用次氯酸钠灭菌消毒后,将萌芽的种子接种到MS+蔗糖 20g·L-1 +肌醇 100mg·L-1和 0. 75%琼脂的培养基上,根、茎、叶生长表现良好,初步建立了猕猴桃实生苗组织培养体系。猕猴桃实生苗组织培养同利用茎段、茎尖组织培养一样,培养基中无须附加任何激素。     

银杏幼胚离体培养再生植株的研究

 以佛手银杏幼胚为外植体, 研究了不同大小幼胚在不同培养条件下, 愈伤组织和胚状体的诱导发育情况。结果表明: 大于3 mm的幼胚, 在MK +NAA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1} +BA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基上胚状体诱导率最高, 达到53.6% , 最多的一块愈伤组织形成多达38个胚状体。暗培养不利于胚状体的发生。在MK培养基上添加10%椰汁对胚状体的生长发育有很好的促进作用, 有34.5%生长成苗。     

枣胚培技术体系的建立

 以‘六月鲜’枣为试材, 对花后12～82 d的幼胚进行培养。结果表明, 适宜于胚挽救的最小胚龄为花后50 d左右; 在胚形成前进行离体培养, 蔗糖浓度以7%为宜, 而胚形成后离体培养以5%蔗糖为宜; 暗培养可促进离体胚的生长发育, 且有利于生根; 植物生长调节剂及有机添加物极显著地影响着胚培效果。花后70～72 d胚龄的胚适宜培养基为1 /2MS + IBA 0.4 (mg/L, 单位下同) +BA 0.8 +LH 500 + GA₃5 + 5%蔗糖。胚培苗经扩繁后转入1 /2 MS + IBA 1.0 + IAA 0.06 + 2%蔗糖培养基上, 获得了健壮生根苗,生根苗移栽成活率达85%以上。